The Ultimate Guide: Egyptian Tortoise Care

If you’re looking for an exciting and unique pet, an Egyptian tortoise might just be the perfect choice for you. These fascinating creatures are small, easy to care for, and full of personality. But as with any pet, taking care of an Egyptian tortoise requires some effort and knowledge. From creating the perfect habitat to understanding their behaviors and dietary needs, there’s a lot to learn to ensure your pet thrives. 

In this article, we’ll dive into the world of Egyptian tortoise care, providing you with tips and insights to help you become a successful and responsible tortoise owner. With the right environment and knowledge, owners can ensure their Egyptian tortoise is living a happy, healthy life.

Habitat

The Egyptian tortoise, also known as Kleinmann’s tortoise, is a small and endangered species of tortoise that is native to the deserts and semi-deserts of Egypt, Libya, and Israel. These tortoises have specific habitat requirements that are essential to their survival in the wild. Their habitat ranges from coastal sand dunes to inland rocky hills and mountains. They prefer areas with low, sparse vegetation and open spaces, which provide them with ample opportunities to bask in the sun and seek shelter from the heat.

In fact, Egyptian tortoises spend most of their time underground, sheltering from the intense heat of the sun. They dig burrows in the sand or find natural crevices or holes in rocks to rest in. These burrows also provide protection from predators such as birds of prey, snakes, and foxes. Egyptian tortoises are also known to hide in the shade of plants and rocks during the hottest part of the day.

What is the best substrate to use for an Egyptian tortoise enclosure?

In captivity, the Egyptian tortoise can be kept in a variety of enclosures, including indoor terrariums, outdoor pens, and even large, open-air enclosures. When setting up an enclosure for an Egyptian tortoise, it is crucial to provide a suitable substrate that mimics their natural habitat and allows them to exhibit their natural behaviors. The Egyptian tortoise prefers areas with sandy or loamy soils, which provide a suitable substrate for burrowing.

Moreover, sand or soil by itself can also be considered a substrate, as can a sand/soil mixture. Using aspen or crushed oyster shells as bedding has been successful for certain keepers. In addition, two to three inches of the substrate is sufficient because the tortoises do not burrow. For adult nesting, a deeper substrate of around 5 inches should be offered.

Temperature

Egyptian tortoises are adapted to live in hot and dry desert environments, so it is essential to provide a temperature gradient within their enclosure that mimics their natural habitat. The basking spot, which is the area where the tortoise will spend most of its time, should be kept at a temperature of around 35-40°C (95-104°F) during the day. This can be achieved using a heat lamp or other heat sources, such as a ceramic heater or heat mat. Monitor the temperature with a thermometer to ensure that it remains within this range.

At night, the temperature should be allowed to drop to around 15-20°C (59-68°F) to mimic the cooler temperatures that the tortoise would experience in the wild. This can be achieved by turning off the heat source or using a ceramic heater set to a lower temperature.

Diet

Egyptian tortoises are herbivores, and their diet consists of a variety of plants, including grasses, herbs, and succulents. The primary food source for Egyptian tortoises is flora. They are known to feed on the leaves, flowers, and fruits of many desert plants. Dandelion, clover, honeysuckle, leafy salads, watercress, curly kale, Brussels sprout tops, spring greens, coriander, parsley, rocket, carrot, parsnip, courgette, and bell peppers are examples of healthy meals. 

These tortoises are also capable of going for long periods without water, obtaining most of their moisture from the plants they eat. They can store water in their bladders, allowing them to survive in areas where water is scarce. In captivity, they still need fresh water for drinking and soaking.

Health

Good health is crucial for any pet, but especially for a tortoise. Maintaining the health of an Egyptian tortoise involves providing proper husbandry and nutrition, regular veterinary check-ups, and monitoring for signs of illness or injury.

Here are some essential aspects to keep in mind when it comes to the health of Egyptian tortoises:

• Proper husbandry: Provide a suitable enclosure with an appropriate substrate, temperature, and humidity levels. Clean the enclosure regularly and provide fresh water and food.
• Nutrition: Feed a well-balanced diet that is high in fiber and low in protein and fat. Offer a variety of leafy greens, vegetables, and fruits, and avoid feeding animal products and commercial tortoise diets that contain animal protein.
• Regular veterinary check-ups: Schedule regular check-ups with a veterinarian who has experience treating reptiles. A veterinarian can perform a physical examination and provide advice on any necessary treatments or preventative measures.
• Monitor for signs of illness or injury: Watch for symptoms of disease or injury, such as lethargy, loss of appetite, diarrhea, abnormal behavior, or any other unusual changes. Seek veterinary care immediately if you notice any concerning signs.
• Parasite prevention: Monitor for parasites such as mites, ticks, and intestinal worms, and take appropriate measures to prevent and treat them.
• Preventative measures: Take preventive measures such as maintaining good hygiene, quarantining new animals before introducing them to an existing population, and avoiding overcrowding.

What are some common health issues that can affect Egyptian tortoises, and how can they be prevented?

Egyptian tortoises are susceptible to respiratory infections, shell rot, parasites, metabolic bone disease, and obesity. There are several health issues that can affect Egyptian tortoises, but many of these can be prevented with proper care and attention. 

Here are some common health issues and ways to avoid them:

• Respiratory infections: Respiratory infections can be caused by a range of factors, including poor husbandry, stress, and exposure to cold temperatures. To prevent respiratory infections, ensure that the tortoise’s enclosure is adequately heated and well-ventilated, and keep the tortoise away from drafts and cold temperatures.
• Shell rot: Shell rot is a bacterial infection that can occur if the tortoise’s shell is not kept clean and dry. Ensure that the tortoise’s enclosure is kept clean and dry, and provide a dry substrate to prevent the disease.
• Parasites: Egyptian tortoises can be susceptible to parasites such as mites, ticks, and intestinal worms. We suggest you maintain good hygiene in the tortoise’s enclosure and regularly inspect the tortoise for signs of infestation.
• Metabolic bone disease: Metabolic bone disease can occur if the tortoise does not receive enough calcium or vitamin D3. To prevent metabolic bone disease, ensure that the tortoise’s diet is well-balanced and contains sufficient calcium and vitamin D3, and provide a source of UVB lighting to promote vitamin D3 synthesis.
• Obesity: Obesity can occur if the tortoise is overfed or does not receive enough exercise. Therefore, you have to feed a well-balanced diet in appropriate portions and provide opportunities for the tortoise to exercise and move around.

3 BEST Vitamin Supplement products for Egyptian tortoises

Vitamin supplements can be an essential part of an Egyptian tortoise’s diet, helping to ensure they are getting all the nutrients they need. With so many products on the market, it can be challenging to determine which supplements are best for your tortoise. There are three products that are commonly recommended by reptile veterinarians and tortoise experts:

Repashy Calcium Plus

One of the best multivitamins for Egyptian tortoises is Repashy Calcium Plus. This is a complete vitamin and mineral supplement that contains calcium, vitamin D3, and other essential vitamins and minerals for Egyptian tortoises. It can be mixed with water and added to the tortoise’s food a few times a week.

Herptivite Multivitamin Supplement

This supplement is a powdered supplement that contains a range of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin D3 and calcium. Moreover, this is the first vitamin for reptiles without Vitamin A. The risk of Vitamin A toxicity is eliminated by using beta carotene, an antioxidant that is turned into Vitamin A in a controlled manner. 

Fluker’s Repta Vitamin Reptile Supplement

To ensure the vitamin needs in your Egyptian tortoise, consider this supplement. It is a multivitamin that includes essential vitamins, amino acids (in pure crystalline form), trace elements, and minerals that your pet needs, along with beta carotene. It can be used to ensure that the tortoise receives all of the necessary nutrients in their diet.

How often should I offer calcium and vitamin supplements to my Egyptian tortoise?

The frequency with which you should offer calcium and vitamin supplements to your Egyptian tortoise depends on several factors, including the age and health of the tortoise, as well as its diet and living conditions. Here are some general guidelines:

• Calcium: Calcium is essential for proper bone development and overall health in Egyptian tortoises. Calcium supplements can be offered a few (1-3) times a week, but the frequency may need to be increased for juvenile tortoises or those that are pregnant or nursing. It’s vital to offer calcium supplements in moderation, as over-supplementation can be harmful to the tortoise’s health.
• Vitamin D3: Vitamin D3 is necessary for the absorption of calcium in Egyptian tortoises. If the tortoise is exposed to sufficient UVB lighting, it can produce its own vitamin D3. If not, a vitamin D3 supplement may be necessary. Vitamin D3 supplements can be offered a few times a week, but the frequency may need to be increased for tortoises that do not receive adequate UVB lighting.
• Multivitamins: Multivitamin supplements can be offered a few times a week to ensure that the tortoise receives all the necessary vitamins and minerals in its diet. However, it’s essential to follow the instructions for dosage and frequency provided by the manufacturer or a reptile veterinarian.

3 BEST calcium for Egyptian tortoise

If you own an Egyptian tortoise, you know that calcium is an essential part of your pet’s diet. Calcium helps provide your tortoise with strong bones and good overall health. Unfortunately, not all calcium supplements are created equal. To ensure your Egyptian tortoise gets the best calcium, here are three of the best calcium supplements available on the market today.

Rep-Cal Calcium with Vitamin D3

If your tortoise lives in an enclosure that has fluctuating temperatures and does not receive enough UV light, this is the best calcium supplement for your pet. This supplement is a high-quality source of calcium and vitamin D3, which are essential for proper bone development and overall health in Egyptian tortoises. It can be sprinkled onto the tortoise’s food a few times a week.

Zoo Med Repti Calcium without Vitamin D3

Since Egyptian tortoises live in hot arid environments, a pure calcium supplement is recommended. This calcium supplement is a good option for tortoises that receive sufficient UVB lighting, which promotes vitamin D3 synthesis. It can be used in conjunction with a separate vitamin D3 supplement if necessary.

Fluker’s Calcium Reptile Supplement

This calcium supplement contains pure calcium carbonate and can be added to the tortoise’s food a few times a week to ensure that the tortoise receives adequate calcium in its diet. It provides the calcium your pet needs for strong, healthy bones and vital bodily functions. This calcium supplement is preferable for reptiles and amphibians that are kept outdoors or under very intense UVB lighting.

Handling

Handling an Egyptian tortoise can be a fun and rewarding experience, but it’s essential to do so carefully and responsibly to ensure the safety and well-being of the tortoise. Here are some tips for handling Egyptian tortoises:

• Wash your hands before and after handling the tortoise to reduce the risk of transmitting any bacteria or viruses.
• Approach the tortoise slowly and calmly, avoiding sudden movements or loud noises that could startle it.
• Support the tortoise’s body and limbs with both hands to avoid putting pressure on its shell or causing any injuries.
• Avoid picking up the tortoise by its tail, as this can cause damage to its spine.
• Avoid handling the tortoise too frequently, as this can cause stress and potentially harm the tortoise.
• Always supervise children when they are handling the tortoise, and teach them to take the tortoise gently and responsibly.

What are some common mistakes that people make when caring for Egyptian tortoises?

Egyptian tortoises are popular exotic pets, but they require special care to ensure their health and well-being. Unfortunately, many people make mistakes when caring for these animals. Here are some of the most common mistakes that people make when caring for Egyptian tortoises:

• Inadequate enclosure: One of the most common mistakes is providing an enclosure that is too small or lacks adequate space for the tortoise to move around and explore. Egyptian tortoises need plenty of space to roam and exercise.
• Poor diet: Feeding an improper diet, such as one that is too high in protein or lacking in essential nutrients, can lead to health problems in Egyptian tortoises. It’s important to provide a varied and balanced diet that is appropriate for the tortoise’s age and size.
• Incorrect temperature and humidity: Maintaining the proper temperature and humidity levels in the tortoise’s enclosure is essential for its health and well-being. Incorrect temperature and moisture can cause stress, illness, and even death.
• Lack of UVB lighting: Egyptian tortoises require UVB lighting to synthesize vitamin D3, which is necessary for proper calcium absorption and bone health. A lack of UVB lighting can lead to metabolic bone disease.
• Over-handling: Handling an Egyptian tortoise too frequently or improperly can cause stress and lead to health problems. Tortoises need plenty of time to rest and should only be handled when necessary.
• Failure to provide proper substrate: Providing inappropriate substrates, such as sand or gravel, can cause respiratory issues and impact the tortoise’s digestive system. It’s essential to provide a substrate that is appropriate for the tortoise’s natural habitat.
• Lack of veterinary care: Neglecting to seek veterinary care when the tortoise is sick or injured can lead to serious health problems. Regular check-ups with a reptile veterinarian are important for ensuring the tortoise’s ongoing health and well-being.

Socialization

Egyptian tortoises are generally solitary creatures and do not require socialization in the same way that some other pets, such as dogs, do. However, providing opportunities for social interaction and enrichment activities can still be beneficial for their overall well-being.

One way to provide socialization for Egyptian tortoises is to create a shared outdoor enclosure where they can interact with other tortoises of the same species. However, it’s important to supervise their interactions to ensure that they are getting along and not displaying any aggressive behavior.

Cleaning

As any pet owner knows, regular cleaning is an essential part of keeping any animal healthy and happy. This is especially true for tortoises, which require a clean and healthy environment to thrive. Maintaining a clean and hygienic environment is crucial for the health of your Egyptian tortoise. Here are some tips for cleaning their enclosure:

• Spot clean daily: Remove any uneaten food, feces, or soiled substrate from the enclosure daily. This helps prevent the buildup of bacteria and other pathogens.
• Deep clean monthly: Once a month, or more frequently if necessary, do a complete enclosure cleaning. This involves removing all substrate, cleaning the enclosure thoroughly with a reptile-safe disinfectant, and replacing the substrate.
• Use reptile-safe disinfectants: Avoid using household cleaning products, which can be toxic to your tortoise. Instead, use a reptile-safe disinfectant, which can be found at most pet stores or online.
• Use an appropriate substrate: Choose a substrate that is easy to clean and does not retain moisture, as excessive moisture can lead to bacterial growth and other health problems. Popular substrates for Egyptian tortoises include coconut coir, cypress mulch, or a mixture of play sand and topsoil.
• Provide a clean water source: Change your tortoise’s water daily and clean the water dish regularly to prevent the buildup of algae or bacteria.
• Maintain good hygiene: Wash your hands before and after handling your tortoise or clean its enclosure to prevent the spread of bacteria.

How can I provide enrichment for my Egyptian tortoise to keep them mentally and physically stimulated?

Enrichment is an essential aspect of caring for any animal, including Egyptian tortoises. While these tortoises don’t require a lot of care, it’s crucial to provide them with enrichment to keep them mentally and physically stimulated. Enrichment offers stimulation for the mind and body, helping to keep your Egyptian tortoise healthy and happy. Here are some ways you can provide enrichment for your tortoise:

• Create an outdoor enclosure: If weather and space permit, consider creating an outdoor enclosure for your tortoise. This will allow your tortoise to experience natural sunlight and explore a new environment.
• Offer a variety of food: Providing a variety of food items can stimulate your tortoise’s senses and promote natural foraging behavior. Offer different types of greens, vegetables, and fruits in addition to their staple diet.
• Provide hiding places: Egyptian tortoises enjoy hiding in small, dark spaces. Provide them with a hiding place in their enclosure, such as a half-log or terra cotta pot.
• Use puzzle feeders: Puzzle feeders, which require the tortoise to work for their food, can be a great way to stimulate their minds and promote natural foraging behavior. Place small pieces of food in a puzzle feeder or hide food items in their enclosure.
• Offer climbing opportunities: While Egyptian tortoises are not known for climbing, providing them with some low-level climbing opportunities, such as a flat rock or low platform, can add variety to their enclosure and stimulate their muscles.
• Rotate toys and objects in their enclosure: Introducing new objects or toys, such as balls or cardboard boxes, can keep your tortoise mentally stimulated and curious. Rotate objects regularly to maintain interest.

Hibernation

Egyptian tortoises are a desert-dwelling species that are adapted to warm temperatures and dry conditions. Unlike some other species of tortoises, such as the Russian tortoise or the Greek tortoise, they do not hibernate in the wild or in captivity. In the wild, Egyptian tortoises are active during the day, seeking shelter from the hot sun during the hottest parts of the day. They are also able to tolerate cooler temperatures at night, but they do not experience the prolonged cold periods that trigger hibernation in other species.

This is because they are adapted to arid climates and generally do not experience a significant drop in temperature that would usually trigger hibernation in other species of tortoises. In their natural habitat, the temperature and humidity remain relatively consistent throughout the year, so there is typically no need for the tortoises to hibernate in order to survive. However, activity declines at temperatures beyond 32.2°C (90°F), and in its natural environment, the tortoise will aestivate.

How can I create a suitable hibernation environment for my Egyptian tortoise?

It is important to note that Egyptian tortoises do not generally hibernate in the wild, so hibernation is not a necessary part of their life cycle. However, if you live in an area with cold winters and choose to hibernate your Egyptian tortoise, here are some guidelines to create a suitable hibernation environment:

• Gradual temperature reduction: About 4 to 6 weeks before hibernation, gradually decrease the temperature in your tortoise’s enclosure. This can be done by lowering the ambient temperature in the room, turning off any heating sources in the enclosure, or moving the enclosure to a cooler area.
• Cool and dark area: Create a cool and dark area in your tortoise’s enclosure. This can be done by providing a hide box filled with dry leaves or straw or by creating a separate hibernation box filled with a substrate like peat moss or coconut coir. This area should be kept between 5-10°C (40-50°F) and kept in complete darkness.
• Adequate hydration: Make sure your tortoise is well-hydrated before hibernation, as dehydration can be fatal during hibernation. Provide your tortoise with a shallow dish of fresh water before hibernation, and monitor its hydration levels during hibernation.
• Monitoring: Check on your tortoise regularly during hibernation to ensure that they are still alive and its weight is not decreasing too rapidly. A decrease in weight can be a sign of dehydration or other health issues.

Legal Considerations

Egyptian tortoises are a CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) Appendix II listed species, which means that their trade and transportation are regulated internationally. It is vital to ensure that any Egyptian tortoise you acquire is obtained legally and in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

In some countries, importing or exporting Egyptian tortoises may be illegal, and permits may be required for possession or sale. Before acquiring an Egyptian tortoise, it is essential to research the laws and regulations in your country and local area regarding the ownership of reptiles.

Are there any specific legal considerations I need to be aware of when keeping an Egyptian tortoise as a pet?

When it comes to keeping an Egyptian tortoise as a pet, there are several legal considerations that need to be taken into account. For starters, it is crucial to be aware of the fact that, in many countries, it is illegal to keep wild animals as pets. These can vary depending on your country and local area, but some general considerations include the following:

• Permits: Some countries or local areas may require permits or licenses for the ownership of reptiles, including Egyptian tortoises. It is essential to research the laws and regulations in your place and obtain any necessary licenses before acquiring a tortoise.
• Transport: If you need to transport your Egyptian tortoise across borders or between states, you may need to obtain permits or follow specific regulations to ensure the tortoise is transported safely and legally.
• Endangered status: Egyptian tortoises are listed on CITES Appendix II, which means their trade and transportation are regulated internationally. It is crucial to ensure that any Egyptian tortoise you acquire is obtained legally and in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.
• Animal welfare: Many countries have animal welfare laws that require owners to provide proper care for their pets. This includes providing a suitable enclosure, proper diet and hydration, and veterinary care as needed. Failing to give adequate care to your Egyptian tortoise can result in legal consequences.

DO and DON’TS

The Egyptian tortoise is a unique and beloved pet that can provide years of joy and entertainment. However, they require special care to ensure they remain healthy and happy. To be a good pet owner, we will help you to understand the best practice on how to take care of Egyptian tortoises in the following table.

Do (s)	Don’t (s)
Provide a suitable enclosure	Keep your tortoise in a small, hot, or dry enclosure
Provide a warm basking area	Provide inappropriate food
Provide a varied and nutritious diet	Allow your tortoise to become dehydrated
Provide clean, fresh water	Handle your tortoise too often or roughly
Handle your tortoise carefully and respectfully	Ignore signs of illness or injury

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, caring for an Egyptian tortoise requires a commitment to providing a suitable environment, a nutritious diet, and proper veterinary care. It is essential to research and understand the specific needs of this species before bringing one into your home. Creating a warm and spacious enclosure with a basking area, providing a varied diet, and offering regular access to clean water and veterinary care are all critical aspects of ensuring your tortoise’s health and longevity.

QNA

How big do Egyptian tortoises get?

Egyptian tortoise size is typically 8-10 cm (3-4 in) in adult males and 10-12 cm (4 – 5 in) in females. Moreover, the carapace length can reach a maximum of 14.4 cm (5.7 in). They are comparatively smaller than other species of tortoise due to their adaptation to the arid climate of their natural habitat.

Can Egyptian tortoises be kept with other species of tortoises?

Yes, they can. Egyptian tortoises are primarily solitary creatures. However, they get along well with other people in a group. Thus cohabitation is conceivable. They typically get along with other peaceful animals and members of their own species because they are not aggressive. 

How often should I take my Egyptian tortoise to the veterinarian?

It is recommended that you take your Egyptian tortoise to the veterinarian at least once a year for a physical exam. This is important because the vet can check for signs of illness or injury and provide advice on diet and habitat maintenance. Additionally, your vet can give parasite prevention and control treatments as needed.

What kind of plants and flowers can I feed my Egyptian tortoise?

Egyptian tortoises are herbivores and should be given a diet that consists mainly of grasses and weeds. Foods that are safe to feed them include dandelion greens, clover, hibiscus, alfalfa, parsley, endive, romaine lettuce, and carrot tops. Additionally, they can also have some fruits, such as apples, pears, bananas, and melons.

Is it legal to own an Egyptian tortoise as a pet?

Yes, it is legal to own an Egyptian tortoise as a pet in many parts of the world. However, Egyptian tortoises are endangered species. In some countries, a permit may be required to own an Egyptian tortoise. So it is important to check local regulations before acquiring one.

How long do Egyptian tortoises live?

Egyptian tortoises typically live between 70 and 100 years. Egyptian tortoises can live up to 100 years if given the proper care; tortoises are noted for their long lifespans. This is due to their slow-paced lifestyle and low metabolism, which allows them to live longer than other species of tortoises.